Educational SQL research, however, has not yet thoroughly addressed issues related to understanding query formulation errors or some technical factors which influence the process of learning SQL. In order for us as end-users to retrieve exactly the data we want, it is crucial that the software developers responsible for writing the underlying queries have written the queries without errors. The most common of these so called query languages is Structured Query Language (SQL). Although we as end-users only see the relatively effortless user interfaces as we query data, someone has had to formalize our queries into a language the software understands. We use the internet daily to query data from a myriad of databases every search term entered in a search engine, every movie watched, every song listened, every newspaper article read online. We will also cover a brief overview of PHP and participants can run several sample web based applications that will interact with each database server. Participants will be able to interact with running servers and run queries and updates on a set of sample data. I will also briefly cover the process of setting up a MySQL or PostgreSQL server in a Solaris or Linux environment. I will compare and contrast the merits and drawbacks of MySQL versus PostgreSQL, and I will talk about the parts of ANSI SQL supported by each. This tutorial will provide an introduction to MySQL, PostgreSQL, and PHP. In addition, there are JDBC drivers for both MySQL and PostgreSQL, so students can produce database applications in Java. Adding PHP to the mix, students can easily develop web applications with database connectivity. PHP is an open source, HTML-embedded scripting language. MySQL or PostgreSQL can provide an inexpensive way for students to gain experience with an industrial strength, SQL based, client-server DBMS. Both are quality database servers and support much of the ANSI standard SQL92. PostgreSQL provides some advanced features that MySQL does not, including object-relational features, transaction support, sub-selects, and foreign keys. Both are considered open source software. MySQL and PostgreSQL are relational database management systems that are available free of charge from the internet.
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